III Transactions eliminated on consolidation
Intragroup balances and transactions and any gains arising from
intragroup transactions are eliminated in preparing the consolidated
financial statements. Gains arising from transactions with jointly
controlled entities are eliminated to the extent of the Group’s interest
in the entities. Losses are eliminated in the same way as gains, but
only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment.
A list of the Group companies is included in Note 43 to the consoli-
dated financial accounts.
D. Goodwill and business combinations
When the Group takes control of an integrated combination of
activities and assets corresponding to the definition of a business
according to IFRS 3 - “Business combinations”, the assets, liabilities
and contingent liabilities of the business acquired are recorded at
their fair value at the acquisition date. The goodwill represents the
positive difference between the acquisition costs (excluding acqui-
sition-related costs), plus any minority interests, and the fair value
of the acquired net assets. If this difference is negative (“negative
goodwill”), it is immediately recorded on the income statement after
confirmation of the values.
After its initial recording, the goodwill is not amortised but submitted
to an impairment test realised at least every year on the cash-gen-
erating units to which the goodwill was allocated. If the book value
of a cash-generating unit exceeds its value in use, the resulting
writedown is recorded on the income statement and first allocated
in reduction of the possible goodwill and then to the other assets of
the unit, proportionally to their book value. An impairment booked on
goodwill is not written back during a subsequent year.
In accordance with IFRS 3, the goodwill can be set temporarily at the
acquisition and adjusted within the 12 following months.
In the event of the disposal of a cash-generating unit, the amount of
goodwill that is allocated to this unit is included in the determination
of the gain or loss on the disposal.
E. Translation of foreign currencies
I Foreign entities
There is no subsidiary whose financial statements are denominated in
a currency other than the euro at the closing date.
II Foreign currency transactions
Foreign currency transactions are recognised initially at exchange
rates prevailing at the date of the transaction. At closing, monetary
assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are trans-
lated at the then prevailing currency rate. Gains and losses resulting
from the settlement of foreign currency transactions and from the
translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign
currencies are included on the income statement as financial income
or financial charges.
F. Derivative financial instruments
The Group uses derivative financial instruments (Interest Rate
Swaps, purchase of CAP options, sale of FLOOR options) to hedge its
exposure to interest rate risks arising from its operational, financing
and investment activities. For more details about derivative financial
instruments, see Note 24.
Derivative financial instruments are recognised initially at cost and
are revalued at their fair value at subsequent reporting dates.
The fair value of Interest Rate Swaps, CAP options, FLOOR options and
other derivative instruments is the estimated amount the Group would
receive or pay to close the position at the closing date, taking into
account the then prevailing spot and forward interest rates, the value
of the option and the creditworthiness of the counterparties.
Revaluation is carried out for all derivative products on the basis
of the same assumptions as to rate curve and volatility using an
application of the independent provider of market data Bloomberg.
This revaluation is compared with the one given by the banks, and any
significant discrepancy between the two revaluations is documented.
See also point W below.
The accounting treatment depends on the qualification of the deriva-
tive instrument as a hedging instrument and on the type of hedging.
A hedging relationship qualifies for hedge accounting if, and only if, all
the following conditions are met:
•
at the inception of the hedge, there is a formal designation and
documentation of the hedging relationship and the entity’s risk
management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge;
•
the hedge is expected to be truly effective in offsetting changes in
the fair value or the cash flows attributable to the hedged risks;
•
the effectiveness of the hedge can be reliably measured;
•
the hedge is assessed on an ongoing basis and is highly effective
throughout the financial reporting periods for which the hedge was
designated.
I Fair value hedges
Where a derivative financial instrument hedges the exposure to
changes in the fair value of a recognised asset or liability or a unrec-
ognised firm commitment, or an identified portion of such an asset,
liability or firm commitment that is attributable to a particular risk, any
resulting gain or loss on the hedging instrument is recognised on the
income statement. The hedged item is also stated at its fair value for
the risk being hedged, with any gain or loss being recognised on the
income statement.
II Cash flow hedges
Where a derivative financial instrument hedges the exposure to
changes in cash flows that are attributable to a particular risk asso-
ciated with a recognised asset or liability, a firm commitment or a
highly likely forecasted transaction, the portion of the gain or loss on
the hedging instrument that is determined to be an effective hedge
is recognised directly under equity. The ineffective portion of the gain
or loss on the hedging instrument is immediately recognised on the
income statement.
When the firm commitment or the forecasted transaction subse-
quently results in the recognition of a financial asset or liability, the
associated gains or losses that were recognised directly under
equity are reclassified on the income statement in the same period or
periods during which the asset acquired or liability assumed affects
the income statement.
When a hedging instrument or hedge relationship is (partially) termi-
nated, the cumulative gain or loss at that point is (partially) recycled
on the income statement.
G. Investment properties
Investment properties are properties which are held to earn rental
income for the long term. In accordance with IAS 40, investment prop-
erties are stated at fair value.
External independent real estate experts determine the valuation of
the property portfolio every three months. Any gain or loss arising,
after the acquisition of a property, from a change in its fair value is
recognised on the income statement. Rental income from invest-
ment properties is accounted for as described under R. The real
estate experts carry out the valuation on the basis of the method of
calculating the present value of the rental income in accordance with
the “International Valuation Standards/RICS Valuation Standards”,
established by the International Valuation Standards Committee/
Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors, as set out in the corresponding
report. This value, referred to hereafter as the “investment value”,
corresponds to the price that a third-party investor would be prepared
to pay in order to acquire each of the properties making up the port-
folio of assets and in order to benefit from their rental income while
assuming the related charges, without deduction of transfer taxes.
The disposal of an investment property is usually subject to the
payment to the public authorities of transfer taxes or VAT. A share of
transfer taxes is deducted by the experts from the investment value
of the investment properties to establish the fair value of the invest-
ment properties, as evidenced in their valuation report (see Note 21).
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